Solzhenitsyns One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich Essay Example

Solzhenitsyns One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich Paper Closely tied with dignity, is free will. Although it seems the concentration camps confine all sources of personal choice and freedom, they fail to eradicate the effect of free will. Shukhovs team led by Tiurin builds a place to warm up, not for the building site, but for themselves, emphasizing how the team can do something to for themselves, despite the seeming impossibility of this self service. Even stronger achievements of the free will, can be shown in Shukhov himself. He has a very economic attitude towards all materials, nothing can be wasted; even eight years in camp couldnt change his nature, Shukhov wasnt made that way We see another line, saying even eight years as a convict hadnt turned him into a jackal. Here, the writer subtly uses repetition of even eight years to reinforce the protagonists persistence, in his personal philosophies and ethics, which could only be sustained by a powerful free will. In speaking of the freedom of choice, there is also the freedom of sharing food rather than stealing it. Tsezar the office assistant generously offers Shukhov two biscuits, two lumps of sugar, and a slice of sausage from his parcel since he protected the parcel for him, although it is not compulsory to give, Tsezars choice shows his morality in his free will to repay someone for helping him; Shukhov then gives away one of his biscuits to Alyosha, simply from his sympathy that he makes himself nice to everyone but doesnt know how to earn anything, this act is also a revelation of virtue by his free will. We will write a custom essay sample on Solzhenitsyns One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Solzhenitsyns One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Solzhenitsyns One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Finally, prisoners are empowered with the ability to make the choice in their beliefs. Alyosha for example chooses to believe in God and Jesus, having faith that being in prison is not about suffering but this lets you have time to think about your soul; and from Shukhovs observation that His voice and his eyes left no doubt that he was happy in prison this is proof that Alyoshas faith in God, in hope is so strong, even in such adversity. Lastly and most importantly is comradeship. Throughout the novel, we see real bonds between the prisoners. More evidently, is the comradeship between Shukhovs team. When they surround Tiurin to hear his story, this metaphor: It was a family, the team clearly shows the tight links between the men. The protagonist also reveals his strong trust in his team leader, this faith is reinforced through the metaphor Tiurin was a father to the team, and the firm declarative His team leader would never give him away. Additionally, in the narration, Solzhenitsyn deliberately uses the collective they in what a pace they set why shouldnt they race on and many other phrases during the construction of the wall, effectively building an unconscious state of family, community between the zeks. There are also more specific relationships between characters. The two Estonian fishermen show an unusual bond between each other, as they shared everything: one of them wouldnt spend even a pinch of tobacco without consulting the other, the measure word a pinch stresses the strength of this bond. A fatherly affection develops from Shukhov towards Gopchik, we see this as the writer states in a short sentence Shukhov was fond of the scamp, especially since his own son died young. As well as this, for the protagonists fellow worker Kilgas and himself they had come to respect one another. , and also this short sentence Shukhov liked to work with Kilgas. Therefore it is evident that an amity is formed between the two. However some may say that there is also negative qualities that undermine this sense of celebration of the human spirit. Preliminarily, we see arrogance. Der, the building foreman is an arrogant man; he says to Shukhov with an imperative Youre a mason. Listen to what a foreman has to tell you which instantly reveal his arrogance demanding Shukhov to listen to his orders, and disrespecting Shukhovs skill. We see that Der is not ordering Shukhov because he himself is more skilful, as Shukhov informs the reader that when Der once showed him how to lay bricks, he got a belly laugh. A man should build a house with his own hands before he calls himself an engineer. This line of quotation therefore tells us Ders lack of skill, which causes his arrogance to bulge out blatantly. Greed is also apparent. When the prisoners receive parcels from their family or friends, the guards open them first, they cut, they broke, they fingered, the sheer greed of the guards, in searching the parcels and eventually grabbing most of the contents for themselves, is illustrated vividly to us by the use of these three short clauses and dynamic verbs. Greed is also shown throughout, when the writer mentions that everyone waited fearfully to learn who would be losing a slice of bread that evening. That evening implies that bread is very often stolen by other zeks, showing how greed persists like a tumour in the camp. More serious than greed, is that there are possibilities of betrayals. When Kuziomin, Shukhovs first team leader brings up the fact that there are those who peach on their mates, we automatically gain a bitter sense of reality at the camp, of the possibility of betrayal. Finally, the most severe negative quality is the lack of sympathy for others. In the example above of the guards selfishly rummaging and fishing for food and other treasures in the prisoners parcels, a vivid picture is painted of the parcel reception process. For example, every zek who got a parcel had to give and give, starting with the guard who opened it. The imperative modal auxillary had to and the repetition of give emphasize the sense of a hierarchy, the injustice of the treatment of prisoners-ultimately a severe lack of sympathy and consideration for others. In the canteen, there is further unkindness. The writer suddenly lapses from the past into the present tense They fleece you here, they fleece you in the camp, they fleece you even earlier, with this technique along with the second person narrative you accentuate the unfair yet perpetual swindling that occurs, when the ones higher in the hierarchy, the cook, the sanitary inspector and others, take advantage of the zeks and filch some of their rightful portions. Also, in the line And get away from the serving hatch! , Solzhenitsyn effectively uses what an authority would shout out as a direct quote, an exclamation mark here heightens the severity and callous feelings from this tone of voice. In conclusion, this novel shows many virtuous qualities, as well as some negative qualities. However, as the former is insisted so often and so strongly by the writer, especially through the protagonist, Ivan Denisovich Shukhov, it cannot be denied that the novel is in fact a powerful, heartfelt celebration of the human spirit, standing out like on a background of harsh adversity. Solzhenitsyn has presented this celebration well as these elements of virtues are neatly interwoven into the text, without any glaring seams of exaggeration or overemphasis on character morality in their thoughts or behaviour, therefore making the existence of such human spiritual qualities more convincing.

Definition and Examples of Theme-Writing

Definition and Examples of Theme-Writing Theme-writing refers to the conventional writing assignments (including five-paragraph essays) required in many composition classes since the late-19th century. Also called school writing. In his book The Plural I: The Teaching of Writing (1978), William E. Coles, Jr., used the term themewriting  (one word) to characterize empty, formulaic writing that is not meant to be read but corrected. Textbook authors, he said, present writing as a trick that can be played, a device that can be put into operation . . . just as one can be taught or learn to run an adding machine, or pour concrete. Examples and Observations: The use of themes has been maligned and vilified in the history of writing instruction. They have come to represent what was bad about the Harvard model, including an obsession with correcting the themes in red ink, but the womens colleges typically used themes to get students writing regular essays based on common topics. . . . Theme writing, as David Russell notes in Writing in the Academic Disciplines, 1870-1990, continued to be a model for required composition courses at small liberal arts colleges much longer than it did in the larger universities, in large part because the universities could no longer keep up with the labor-intensive practice of having students write multiple essays over the course of a semester or year.(Lisa Mastrangelo and Barbara LEplattenier, Is It the Pleasure of This Conference to Have Another?: Womens Colleges Meeting and Talking About Writing in the Progressive Era. Historical Studies of Writing Program Administration, ed. by B. LEplattenier and L. Mast rangelo. Parlor Press, 2004) Camille Paglia on Essay Writing as a Form of Repression[T]he present concentration on essay writing at the heart of the humanities curriculum is actually discriminatory against people of other cultures and classes. I think its a game. Its very, very obvious to me, having been teaching for so many years as a part-timer, teaching factory workers and teaching auto mechanics and so on, the folly of this approach. You teach them how to write an essay. Its a game. Its a structure. Speak of social constructionism! Its a form of repression. I do not regard the essay as its presently constituted as in any way something that came down from Mount Sinai brought by Moses.(Camille Paglia, The M.I.T. Lecture.  Sex, Art, and American Culture. Vintage, 1992)English A at HarvardHarvards standard, required composition course was English A, first given in sophomore year and then, after 1885, moved to the first year. . . . In 1900-01 writing assignments included a mix of daily themes, which were brief two- or three-paragraph sketches, and more extended fortnightly themes; topics were up to the student and thus varied widely, but the dailies usually asked for personal experience while the longer ones covered a mix of general knowledge.(John C. Brereton, Introduction. The Origins of Composition Studies in the American College, 1875-1925. Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, 1995) Theme Writing at Harvard (Late 19th Century)When I was an undergraduate at Harvard our instructors in English composition endeavored to cultivate in us a something they termed The daily theme eye. . . .Daily themes in my day had to be short, not over a page of handwriting. They had to be deposited in a box at the professors door not later than ten-five in the morning. . . . And because of this brevity, and the necessity of writing one every day whether the mood was on you or not, it was not always easyto be quite modestto make these themes literature, which, we were told by our instructors, is the transmission through the written word, from writer to reader, of a mood, an emotion, a picture, an idea.(Walter Prichard Eaton, Daily Theme Eye. The Atlantic Monthly, March 1907)The Chief Benefit of Theme-Writing (1909)The chief benefit derived from theme-writing lies probably in the instructors indication of errors in the themes and his showing how these errors are to be corrected; for by these means the student may learn the rules that he is inclined to violate, and thus may be helped to eliminate the defects from his writing. Hence it is important that the errors and the way to correct them be shown to the student as completely and clearly as possible. For instance, suppose that a theme contains the sentence I have always chosen for my companions people whom I thought had high ideals. Suppose the instructor points out the grammatical fault and gives the student information to this effect: An expression such as he says, he thinks, or he hears interpolated in a relative clause does not affect the case of the subject of the clause. For example, The man who I thought was my friend deceived me is correct; who is the subject of was my friend; I thought is a parenthesis which does not affect the case of who. In your sentence, whom is not the object of thought, but the subject of had high ideals; it should therefore be in the nominative case. From this information the stud ent is likely to get more than the mere knowledge that the whom in this particular case should be changed to who; he is likely to learn a principle, the knowledge of whichif he will remember itwill keep him from committing similar errors in future.But the theme from which one sentence is quoted above contains fourteen other errors; and the forty-nine other themes which the instructor is to hand back to-morrow morning contain among them about seven hundred and eighty-five more. How shall the instructor, as he indicates these eight hundred errors, furnish the information called for by each one? Obviously he must use some kind of shorthand.(Edwin Campbell Woolley, The Mechanics of Writing. D.C. Heath, 1909)

Narwhal Animal Facts - Unicorn of the Sea

Narwhal Animal Facts - Unicorn of the Sea The narwhal or narwhale (Monodon monocerus) is a medium-sized toothed whale or odontocete, best known for its long spiral tusk that many people associate with the unicorn myth. The tusk is not a horn, but a protruding canine tooth. The narwhal and the only other living member of the Monodontidae family, the beluga whale, live in the worlds arctic waters. Carl Linnaeus described the narwhal in his 1758 catalog Systema Naturae. The name narwhal comes from the Norse word nar, which means corpse, combined with whal, for whale. This common name refers to the mottled gray-over-white color of the whale, which causes it to somewhat resemble a drowned corpse. The scientific name Monodon monocerus comes from the Greek phrase meaning one tooth one horn. Fast Facts: Narwhal Scientific Name: Monodon moncerusOther Names: Narwhal, narwhale, unicorn of the seaDistinguishing Features: Medium-sized what with a single large protruding tuskDiet: CarnivorousLifespan: Up to 50 yearsHabitat: Arctic circleConservation Status: Near ThreatenedKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: MammaliaOrder: ArtiodactylaInfraorder: CetaceaFamily: MonodontidaeFun Fact: The narwhals tusk is on its left side. Males have the horn, but only 15% of females have one. The Unicorn Horn A male narwhal has a single long tusk. The tusk is a hollow left-handed spiral helix that grows from the left side of the upper jaw and through the whales lip. The tusk grows throughout the whales life, reaching a length from 1.5 to 3.1 m (4.9 to 10.2 ft) and weight of approximately 10 kg (22 lb). About 1 in 500 males has two tusks, with the other tusk formed from the right canine tooth. Around 15% of females have a tusk. Female tusks are smaller than those of males and not as spiralized. There is one recorded case of a female having two tusks. Initially, scientists speculated the male tusk might be involved in male sparring behavior, but the current hypothesis is that tusks are rubbed together to communicate information about the ocean environment. The tusk is rich with patent nerve endings, allowing the whale to perceive information about the seawater. The whales other teeth are vestigial, making the whale essentially toothless. It is considered a toothed whale because it does not have baleen plates. Description The narwhal and beluga are the white whales. Both are medium-size, with a length from 3.9 to 5.5 m (13 to 18 ft), not counting the males tusk. Males are typically slightly larger than females. Body weight ranges from 800 to 1600 kg (1760 to 3530 lb). Females become sexually mature between 5 and 8 years of age, while males mature at around 11 to 13 years of age. The whale has mottled gray or brown-black pigmentation over white. Whales are dark when born, becoming lighter with age. Old adult males may be almost entirely white. Narwhals lack a dorsal fin, possibly to aid in swimming under ice. Unlike most whales, the neck vertebrae of narwhals are jointed like those of terrestrial mammals. Female narwhals have swept-back tail fluke edges. The tail flukes of males are not swept back, possibly to compensate for the drag of the tusk. Behavior Narwhals are found in pods of five to ten whales. The groups may consist of mixed ages and sexes, only adult males (bulls), only females and young, or only juveniles. In the summer, large groups form with 500 to 1000 whales. The whales are found in the Arctic ocean. Narwhals migrate seasonally. In the summer, they frequent coastal waters, while in the winter, they move to deeper water under pack ice. They can dive to extreme depths up to 1500 m (4920 ft) and stay under water about 25 minutes. Adult narwhals mate in April or May offshore. Calves are born in June or August of the following year (14 months gestation). A female bears a single calf, which is about 1.6 m (5.2) feet in length. Calves start out life with a thin blubber layer that thickens during lactation of the mothers fat-rich milk. Calves nurse for about 20 months, during which time they remain very close to their mothers. Narwhals are predators that eat cuttlefish, cod, Greenland halibut, shrimp, and armhook squid. Occasionally, other fish are eaten, as are rocks. It is believed rocks are ingested by accident when whales feed near the bottom of the ocean. Narwhals and most other toothed whales navigate and hunt using clicks, knocks, and whistles. Click trains are used for echo location. The whales sometimes trumpet or make squeaking sounds. Lifespan and Conservation Status Narwhals can live up to 50 years. They may die from hunting, starvation, or suffocation under frozen sea ice. While most predation is by humans, narwhals are also hunted by polar bears, walruses, killer whales, and Greenland sharks. Narwhals hide under ice or stay submerged for long periods of time to escape predators, rather than flee. At present, about 75,000 narwhals exist worldwide. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies them as Near Threatened. Legal subsistence hunting continues in Greenland and by the Inuit people in Canada. References Linnaeus, C (1758). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii). p. 824. Nweeia, Martin T.; Eichmiller, Frederick C.; Hauschka, Peter V.; Tyler, Ethan; Mead, James G.; Potter, Charles W.; Angnatsiak, David P.; Richard, Pierre R.; et al. (2012). Vestigial tooth anatomy and tusk nomenclature for Monodon monoceros. The Anatomical Record. 295 (6): 1006–16. Nweeia MT, et al. (2014). Sensory ability in the narwhal tooth organ system. The Anatomical Record. 297 (4): 599–617.

Grant Writing Courses You Can Take Online

Grant Writing Courses You Can Take Online Grant writers connect people and groups seeking funding with funding sources. They work in a wide range of settings including nonprofit organizations, educational institutions, local governments, and businesses. If youre interested in a career in grant writing, consider developing your skills through an online program. Grant writing is the process of completing applications for financial grants, which are non-repayable funds provided by organizations such as government departments, corporations, and foundations. Before choosing an online grant writing program, assess your finances, available time, and career goals. Are you looking to earn a certificate or degree in grant writing as a step towards a future career, or are you mid-career and seeking to improve your grant writing skills? Once youve answered these questions, you can easily determine which program is best for you. Free Online Grant Writing Resources You can find plenty of grant writing tips, general information, and even a few classes online for free. These resources rarely offer official certification, credit, or continuing education units. However, if youre good at independent learning or are simply looking to beef up your existing skills, the following options might work well for you. Coursera Coursera is home to a grant proposal course created by the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. The course carries a fee if you wish to have graded assignments and earn a course certificate, but you can audit all of the course videos for free. MIT Open CourseWare The Massachusetts Institute of Technology provides a wide range of classes for free through MIT OpenCourseWare. The institutes graduate level Advanced Writing Seminar covers much more than grant writing, but youll find some excellent lessons on grants as well as writing and presentation tips that can improve your grant writing skills. Minnesota Council on Foundations The Minnesota Council on Foundations guide, Writing a Successful Grant Proposal, provides an overview of the key elements of a successful grant application. Nonprofitready.org If youre working for a nonprofit, nonprofitready.org offers two free online courses: Getting Foundation Grants and Grantsmanship Essentials. Youll need to create a free account to take these courses. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency The United States Environmental Protection Agencys EPA Grants 101 Tutorial walks you through four steps of the grant application process. While the tutorial is focused on applying for EPA grants, the advice is useful for many other types of grant proposals. Online Grant Writing Classes You can find many reasonably-priced options for online grant writing courses. Below, youll find some examples of these courses, along with course descriptions and costs. University of Georgia The University of Georgia Center for Continuing Education offers two courses: an introductory-level course called A to Z Grant Writing, and a higher-level course called Advanced Grant Proposal Writing. Each course provides 24 hours of instruction for a cost of $159. The classes are offered on the ed2go.com platform. Udemy Udemy delivers over a dozen courses on different aspects of grant writing. Options range from introductions to the grant writing process to more specialized classes on nonprofits and NIH grants. Courses are broken down into short lectures, and total course time ranges from 45 minutes to 5.5 hours. Each course costs $10.99. University of Wisconsin The University of Wisconsin Milwaukee offers an Introduction to Grant Writing course for $150. The course covers fundraising strategies and explores the six stages of grant writing. The class carries .5 continuing education units. Online Grant Writing Certificate Programs Many colleges offer online grant writing certificate programs. Costs vary, with typical prices ranging from a few hundred dollars to about $1,500. The required time commitment also varies significantly across courses. These large variations in cost and time commitment reveal one of the problems with certificate programs: they tend to not be accredited programs, and some of the certificates merely represent that you paid for a program and made an attempt at completing the instruction modules. When choosing a program, look carefully at the curriculum and the depth of the instruction to ensure that the course is worth the investment. Start your research with this list of examples: University of South Carolina USCs Grant Writing Certificate Program involves thirty hours of classes covering four courses: Introduction to Grant Writing, Needs Based Assessment, Intermediate Grant Writing, and Program Development and Evaluation. Both online and classroom options are available for a fee of $1,322. Arizona State University Arizona State University offers two levels of grant writing certificates: Grant Development- State and Foundation Proposal Certificate for $999; and Advanced Grant Development- Federal Proposal Certificate for $1,175. The courses take six weeks, and students can expect to spend 12 to 15 hours a week on coursework. University of Colorado at Colorado Springs UCCS offers an intensive credit-bearing certificate program, Graduate Certificate in Grant Writing, Management, and Program Evaluation. To apply for the program, students must hold a bachelors degree. Completion of the certificate requires a grade of B- or better in four courses: Evaluation, Grant Writing, Grant Management, and an elective. Both classroom and online options are available. University of Central Florida The University of Central Floridas Division of Continuing Education, in partnership with ed2go, offers a non-credit Certificate in Grant Writing and Nonprofit Management. The program includes four courses: Introduction to Nonprofit Management, Marketing Your Nonprofit, Writing Effective Grant Proposals, and Advanced Grant Proposal Writing. The cost is $465. Fort Hays State University Fort Hays State University offers an Eight-Week University Grant Writing Certification Program for $175. The class meets online for two months. Participants must receive a score of 70% or higher on the final exam to earn a certificate. Southern Methodist University Southern Methodist University offers a Grant Research and Writing Certificate Program through WorldEducation.net. This is a more thorough (and more expensive program) than many others with 150 hours of instruction at a cost of $2,995. To earn a certificate, students must complete five courses: Introduction to Grant Research, Introduction to Grant Writing, Specialized Techniques for Grant Writing, Technical Writing, and Advanced Grant Writing. The program can typically be completed in six months. Online Grant Writing Degree Programs Grant writing is generally not offered as a college major, so you wont find many degree programs focused solely on grant writing. Instead, grant writers tend to major in writing-focused fields such as English, marketing, or communication studies. That coursework is then supplemented with specialized coursework, a certificate program, or internship experience focused on grant writing. One exception, however, is the MA in Grant Writing, Management and Evaluation program offered at Concordia University Chicago. Concordias program takes an multidisciplinary approach to grant writing that includes collaboration with your student cohort and partnering with organizations relevant to your professional goals. The program is 100% online, requires 30 credit hours of coursework, and can be completed in 20 months. The cost is over $13,000, but unlike many graduate programs, financial aid is available.

Is college education valuable beyond economic incentive Essay

Is college education valuable beyond economic incentive - Essay Example Though the economic incentive is the biggest reason for gaining college education, there are a lot of other reasons too which justify the cause of acquisition of college education. Hence, college education is valuable beyond economic incentive. Discussion Many students, after having education from high school, cannot imagine the benefits a college education may offer to them. To them the college life and the studies at college are threatening, the thought of getting difficult assignments at college upsets them and the possibilities of meeting new people during college life distresses them. Being a student at high school one value one’s friends and it is difficult to think about departing from them. But the best part of college life is that there is a great possibility of meeting new friends with similar interests, principles and comic sense as soon as one enters the college. College life gives experiences and memories along with knowledge and skills. The benefits of college do not end with the passing out of a student but remain for lifetime. The most important among all advantages of college education is the economic one. It is the degree of a college that makes a student eligible for having a high salary. However, students who have acquired college education gain a lot of other benefits from college education as well. So it can be rightly said that besides economic incentive, there are other benefits of college education as well. This essay will discover how college education is valuable beyond economic incentive. It is a fact that after getting a college degree the student finds a good job with high remuneration package but along with the financial benefit, college education also gives the knowledge and skills that are the basic requirements of a good job (Ramage et.al. 508-512). Students who acquire a college degree usually get jobs which pay them 100 per cent more than the jobs gained by secondary school graduates at their entry level. A student jus t after having a bachelor’s degree usually succeeds in gaining a job which pays him no less than $4000 per month. On the other hand, a student who has acquired only a secondary school diploma cannot get a job which pays him more than $2500 per month. After gaining a college degree, the possibilities of job availability also increases. In today’s age a good job vacancy in a good working environment is rarely found, but those who have a college degree usually get a good designation at a reputed establishment. Along with economic incentive, it increases the confidence of college graduates in their capabilities, whereas the secondary school graduates usually do not get the same chance (Ramage et.al. 238-252). Furthermore, because the number of college graduates is smaller as compared to the secondary school graduates, college degree holders have to face lesser competition than them. Usually college degree holders are hired by organisations as soon as they get their degree. In this way the precious time of highly educated college graduates is saved from being wasted in searching jobs. But on the other hand, high school graduates are always in search of work. Because of a college degree, a student is able to achieve top management positions in an organisation but an unqualified employee can only look after a group of equally unqualified colleagues. The achievement of top management position, because of a college degree, boosts one’s confidence and encourages him/her to achieve a further position in his/her professional career. After gaining a college degree a student understands the way s/he can improve himself/herself. By gradually improving oneself one becomes a specialist in one’

Ethics in Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics in Business - Research Paper Example One of the most important qualities a business leader must have to remain ethical is the ability to maintain divided and often contradictory loyalties. When thought about most basically, a business leader is often a middle person between two other groups who have mutually opposing desires: board members who would like maximization of profits, and employees who want to maximize their own value for work. If imagined in the utmost simplicity, shareholders would prefer that all work be done for free so long as the quality remains sufficient, and employees would all prefer that they get paid for nothing, and these are incompatible goals. One of the fundamental problems for a business leader is how to treat both of these groups ethically. Many business leaders have a fiduciary responsibility to stockholders to maximize their profits while also having an ethical, legal, and often business interest in keeping the workforce happy and healthy.There have been several suggested solutions to thes e problems, which would allow a business leader to think of these competing interests as part of the same goal. Amongst the most prominent of these is stakeholder theory. This theory essentially states that many of these conflicts can be dealt with theoretically by imagining everyone involved as being â€Å"stakeholders,† whose interests must be collectively guarded. Firstly, it can have a paralytic effect (Heath 2006), because it does not deal with the fact that individual stakeholders will still have competing goals.

Wellness, Fitness and Longevity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wellness, Fitness and Longevity - Essay Example Physical activity varies from formal exercise, as it is basic human movement for example climbing the stairs. Its benefits are far-reaching and more so for people who do not undertake planned exercises, or those that would like to start doing planned exercises. These benefits include weight control, minimizing risk of cardio-vascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and some cancers, strengthening one’s muscles and bones and improving one’s mental health and mood (â€Å"Physical Activity and Health†, 2011). To achieve these benefits fully, one is encouraged to graduate their physical activities to a moderate level where a common chore such as washing a car should be done continuously for 40 minutes before taking a break; and they should be carried out more frequently. Therefore, this means a moderate activity is aimed at reaching a targeted heart rate first and then resting (Your Guide to Lowering High Blood Pressure). The federal strategies of physical activity in adults, as stipulated in the 2008 Americans Physical Activity procedure should include aerobics and muscle-strengthening activities. All of which should take 150 minutes per week, spread out between the two groups where aerobic activities would include brisk walking and muscle-strengthening includes weight-lifting and should be done less often. The aerobic activities vary as either moderate or vigorous where the more vigorous an activity, for instance jogging, less time should be taken to avoid injury. On the other hand, muscle-strengthening activities should involve each main muscle groups; on average, the latter group of activities should be carried out on at least two days each week. However, as one goes along and adapts to a routine of these activities, the time may be increased in order to attain even greater health benefits (â€Å"Activity for Adults†, 2008). In children, the guidelines state that they should undertake at least 60 minutes every day of aerobic activity such as running. For the

Poetry Explication essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poetry Explication - Essay Example He however did indicate that it was situated fifty miles from London, and is believed to be in Nuneham Courtenay. This poem is dedicated to artist Sir Joshua Reynolds, a close friend of Oliver Goldsmith. Goldsmith’s aim however, was to condemn the rural depopulation and over indulgences of the riches. As a poet who was disturbed by the increasing British love for wealth instead of the goodness of the country that was marred at the hand of a few millionaires, Goldsmith mourns the loss of a paradise that he knew was his. If practically dissected however, ‘Sweet Auburn’ is a village of pure goodness in its people and in its topography. While the poet chooses to romanticize the beauty of the villagers, he completely ignores their hardships. The poem opens with lines that provide a description of the village Auburn – written in past tense – as the poet is recollecting the memories of the Irish village and fruits of his more than often travels to the villages in England. The poet dramatizes the plains of the villages and early visiting spring to allure peasants from migrating while inviting farmers and peasants from other countries. It is interesting to notice that the word ‘delayed’ adds wistfulness to the tone of the poem, as if the paradise in the form of village that Goldsmith has made up is going to get lost somehow. With these lines, he tries to explain that the land has been abandoned by its people leading to its ruin. People have left their homes to collapse, and their farms to ruin all in the chase of wealth leading to a progressive decline in the nature’s way of life. The poet also directs firmly towards the restorative times when money-making was considered more important than a person’s health and moral responsibilities. The helplessness of the poet to change times is evident with words such as ‘mouldering’ and ‘trembling’. The poet with his deep love states in this stanza

Local Government Or A Non-Profit Organization Article

Local Government Or A Non-Profit Organization - Article Example expenditures and allocations made towards children but it is also about sharing the overall budget of the government as government grants constitutes a significant source of finance. From the official website of ‘Save the Children’ it was found that the organization has legal obligation of the government to fulfill rights and its ultimate goals. The budget is proposed by the committee set up by the Board of Trustees and it is based on the internal revenue code defined under section 501(c) (3). It is usually prepared under the supervision of the senior management (Save the Children, 2013, p.1). The budget so prepared by the management must be reviewed by the senior management and further approved by the Board of Trustees in order to be effective or executable. However, under the code of Ethics and Business Conduct of the organization, the senior management holds sufficient approving authority when the consequences of approval is in the best of interest of children, Agency , community or families that the organization it serve. This code will be specifically executed when there arise any conflict of interest regarding allocation of funds (Carnegie Mellon University, 2008, pp.1-2). The Budgeting Process A budget is a planning tool reflecting organizational mission, programs and strategic course of action and has to be approved by the board of directors. Keeping in mind the obligations of the organization towards the society and its stakeholders, the budgeting cycle may be analyzed by breaking the entire cycle into five simple steps. It begins by establishing the need for more expenditure compared to previous year to get better realization of children rights. For instance, as discussed earlier the organization was able to help more than 78 million children in last... Budgeting process refers to determining expenditure needs of the organization in line with its overall objective and long term strategies. It is usually done after assessment of expected expenditure because its relevance is ultimately decided by judging the real expenditure and the proposed allocation in a particular program and also in overall budget. Thus, monitoring of budget is also an important part of the whole budgeting process. Budgetary variances between actual and budgeted allocations must be minimized to increase reliability of forecasting. Some of the common causes of budget variances are faulty assumptions, unrealistic expectations, traditional bias, and arithmetic errors by accountant. Budget has to be prepared in a systematic and disciplined manner so that it covers all financial constraints and have proportionate allocation of funds for respective programs.

The Mystery of Edgar Allan Poes Works Essay Example for Free

The Mystery of Edgar Allan Poes Works Essay Thesis Statement: Edgar Allan Poe is considered to be one of the greatest and most brilliant American writers in history. Many people considered him the first master of the short story form, and the father of the mysterious and the modern detective stories. Outline: I. An Introduction to Poe life and works. A. Due to Poes great works, many writers were influenced by these works. II. The early life of Poe and how it affected his life. A. His parents died so Allan raised him up. B. Allan ill-treated him and this affected his life and works afterwards. C. Poes education in England enriched his knowledge. D. Poe joined the University of Virginian and the army afterwards. III. What affected the works of Poe. A. Learning a lot of language enabled Poe from knowing different nations cultures and literature. B. Poe was good at the field of Art as well. C. Poe read to famous philosophers. IV. Analysis of the stories and poems of Poe. A. Poe was a talented writer. B. He excelled in poetry and in fiction and detective stories. V. Poe excelled in the field of detective stories, as he was the inventor of the short detective story. A. Many famous writers based their characters on Poes stories. B. The Murders in The Rue Morgue an example to show the excellence of Poe in the filed of Short story. C. Another detective story: The Purloined Letter. VI. The life of this great writer ended in New York after amusing the readers by his great works. ECLT 113 Mohamed Abdel Raouf Paper #2: Individual research projects 900-00-1018 The Mystery of Edgar Allan Poes Works Edgar Allan Poe is considered to be one of the greatest and most brilliant American writers in history. Many people considered him the father of the mysterious modern detective story, and the master of the short story form. The Works of this famous writer were remarkable to their flawless literary construction and for their haunting themes (The Columbia Encyclopedia). Jeffrey Meyers states that this great writer was considered to be the first American Writer whose personal reputation influenced the reception of his work. He was also the only nineteenth century American writer whose poems and novels were valued more highly in Europe than in his homeland. However, In spite of all his great works, it was argued that the creator of these hallucinating murders and that horror atmosphere must himself be evil, to have so evil imagination (258). Edgar Allan Poes life is considered to be a story of misery and oddness. Edgar Allan Poe, the greatest writer that was ever born in the American history, was born in Boston on January 19, 1809. His parents whom were touring actors, both died in Poes early childhood, and the little boy Edgar Allan Poe was raised by a rich man whom was called John Allan (Funk Wagnalls Encyclopedia). Edgar had a brother whom was rover and a sister that have seemed to be mentally retarded (Rieselbach 1), that is probably the reason why it was said afterwards that all the horrifying works of Poe were a result of an unstable mind. John Allan was a successful businessman from Richmond, whom was working in the merchandise. Nevertheless, he ill-treated Edgar and confused the poor Edgar by alternately spoiling and scolding him. Edgar was taken to England to attend private schools there. Edgar was affected by the travels that the Allans made in England. Many Poes weird stories reflect his own experience like Why the Little Frenchman took place in towns where he had lived and A Tale of The Ragged Mountains took place in Charlottesville (Meyers 8+). Furthermore, his poems reflected his miserable life with the Allans and his rift with them (Poe and Richmond). This proves that Poe have been taking his ideas and thoughts for his novels and poems from his own miserable life, that may be the cause of his invention of those horrible and horrifying prospects in his short stories and novels. After staying in England more than thirteen years, Edgar was more sophisticated and cosmopolitan, and far better educated than his mates in Richmond (Meyers 14). The education of Edgar in England had a great effect on him as this education widened his horizon of writing, as he read in his childhood many books and novels to great writers. Poe returned to the United States and entered the University of Virginia. Allan gave him too little money to pay for his classes (Rieselbach 1). Nevertheless, he showed remarkable scholastic ability in classical and romance languages but was forced to leave the university after only eight months because he made a fight with Allan over his gambling debts (The Columbia Encyclopedia). After leaving the University of Virginia, he worked as a clerk for a while at a warehouse. Afterwards he joined the army, because the army would alleviate his poverty, offer security and provide the basic necessities of the life (Meyer 32). What has the great affection in his lifetime is that he learned foreign languages as Latin, French, German, Spanish and Italian (Campbell 6+). He studied Latin when he was nine years old. He excelled in reading and writing Latin sharply. It is the same with his knowledge of French. He used to read works in French in the university of Virginia. Also his knowledge of German, Spanish and Italian made him talented in understanding the works of many of these countries writers, which made him talented in reading and writing stories and poems (Campbell 7+). Moreover, he was good at the field of fine arts as well. Poe knew music, painting, sculpture, theatre and dancing. He had been taking lessons in dancing and he sang well (Campbell 11). He was fond of the piano and of musical instruments in general. Poe early developed an interest in philosophy. Because he knew the German language, he was attracted to the philosophical thinking of the German philosophers. He knew about Kant, Hegel and Fichte (Campbell 12+). He drew ideas for his stories and poems from all the knowledge he had from the German philosophy. He also read to English philosophers as Bentham and Mill (Campbell 13). The works of Poe shows that Poe was a talented writer and a gifted poet. As an example to his great success is that his first volume of poetry Tamerlane and Other Poems, which he have written when he was eighteen years old, is such a rare book now that a single copy worth two hundred thousand dollars (Wilson 1). Daniel Hoffman states that the writings of Poe demonstrates Poes critical mind, his analysis of the structure and texture of poetry, the need for all details of diction and form to contribute to single effect (1). Poe was considered to have influence on the literature of twenty cultures and on fifteen major writers around the world (Hoffman 1). Poes influence on European and American art has been extraordinarily wide. Poe had a short life and a few unfinished works; however, he possessed great originality and imagination. His poems influenced the French symbolists and English writers (Meyers 280). Thus, he is considered to be one of the greatest writers in the whole literatur e history. Poe wrote in many fields and in many ways and styles. He excelled at poetry and wrote great poems as The Raven. In addition to poetry, Edgar Allan Poe wrote many kinds of stories. However, Poe excelled at writing detective stories. His superiority at detective stories may be for the reason that he was fond of puzzles and mental games, and both his fiction and nonfiction often included such mental exercises (Unrue 3). He published tales of detection, the first being The Murders in The Rue Morgue and he introduced his famous character Auguste Dupin. These kinds of stories incorporate many of the themes and techniques Poe was developing all over his life (Unrue 3). This famous American writer spent a miserable living while inventing the modern detective story and science fiction as well. He perfected the horror tale and wrote unforgettable stories, as his works continues to be a significant presence in world literature. Poe is considered the father of the modern detective story, as he was the first writer to put pen to paper and write his detective stories, and it is possibly that Poe was the inventor of the detective stories as Umberto Eco said that Edgar Allan Poe is considered by most detective fiction historians to be the founding father of the detective story, and his Murders in The Rue Morgue the worlds first detective story (179). His mind brought to reality the greatest stories in detection as The Murders in The Rue Morgue, The Purloined Letter, The Gold Bug and The Mystery of Marie Roget (Funk Wagnalls Encyclopedia). Not only did he write stories, but also he influenced by his stories the most brilliant writers in the field of detective story. Poe influence on Conan Doyle, the great writer that invented the character of Sherlock Holmes, cannot be disregarded. However, its obvious that Conan Doyle used the stories of Edgar Allan Poe as a guide in the begging of his writing because the character Sherlock Holmes have some similarities from Dupin, the character of Edgar Allan Poe. Moreover, Poe influenced Swinburne, the English poet, Dostoyevsky, the Russian novelist, and the French symbolists (The Columbia Encyclopedia). Many of Poes tales have been distinguished by the authors unique bizarre inventiveness in addition to his superb plot construction (Funk Wagnalls Encyclopedia). The Murders in The Rue Morgue is an excellent example of the detective story, which Poe had written. Stuart and Susan Levine stated in their book The Short Fiction of Edgar Allan Poe that in this tale, Dupin, Poes hero in his detective stories, is superior to the perfect of Police in that he logical. Dupin actually uses what looks like artistic inspiration to solve the problems posed by crime and conspiracy. If the private hideout of Dupin and the narrator seems to be familiar, it is because subsequent writers have made it so. The idea of the heros hidden residence has passed into popular culture. Poe invented a great deal of the claptrap and many of the conventions of the modern detective stories. As Conan Doyle said: Sherlock Holmes owed to much to Dupin, as did the detective heroes of other writers(153). In this story, Dupin and the narrator first learn from an evening newspaper that Madame LEspanaye and her daughter Camille were murdered. Newspaper accounts the next day carry depositions by links of the victims and the people in the vicinity where the crime took place; these conflicting accounts and the absence of evidence lead the narrator and the police to consider the crime insolvable. Dupin, however, places an advertisement in the newspaper after having inspected the house where the woman and her daughter have been murdered. When a sailor in search of a missing orangutan, which has killed the victims, responds to the newspaper advertisement, Dupin finds the solution to this murder, and after wards he explained the clues that led him to this solution. Dupins analytic method of solving the crime has made the tale a classic in the detective mystery genre. As the first detection in fiction, Dupin was the sample that Conan Doyles based on it his famous detective Sherlock Holmes (The Murders In The Rue Morgue 1). Another Example of Poes detective story is The Purloined Letter. This tale is also one of Poes vengeance stories; Dupin has scores personal and political to settle. The tone of the closing paragraphs of the tale is bitter and the final allusion literally bloodthirsty (Stuart and Suzan Levine 154). As he did in the other tales of Poe: The Mystery of Marie Roget and The Murders in The Rue Morgue, Dupin beat the police in solving these seemingly insoluble crimes. However, unlike the other tales, which involve murders of women, The Purloined Letter presents only petty thievery and trickery of the crime. The Prefect of the Parisian Police actually knows the thief, but the letter had to be found in order to protect the honor of a lady being blackmailed. The police department searches for the letter, but it appears that no one could found it. So the Prefect asks Dupin for help. And as usual, Dupin find the clue to this thievery and get the letter. Afterwards Dupin explains what has been the reason that led him to that solution (The Purloined Letter 1). These evidence and examples shows that Edgar Allan Poe was the inventor of the detective short story and his main character, Dupin, was the prototype that all the subsequently writers used him and invented their characters upon as Sherlock Holmes. And this success was a product of his hard work and also because of his talents. Edgar Allan died on Sunday, October 7, 1849 at the age of fourty. Poes spent his last days in a New York hospital, after taking an alcoholic overdose, became unconscious, suffered delirium tremens, fell into a coma and died four days later. Poes life was not very long, however during this short lifetime, he enriched the American Culture and all the world culture with many stories and poems that are still discussed and criticized by people all around the world. Poe (Meyers 255). Works Cited Campbell, Killis. The Mind of Poe and Other Studies. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press, 1933. This book introduces to the reader seven papers that were published and talking about Poe. These papers are: Contemporary Opinion of Pe, The Poe-Griswold Controversy, The Poe Canaon, The Backgrounds of Poe, Self-Revelation in Poes Poems and Tales, The Origins of Poe and The Mind of Poe. Eco, Umberto, and Thomas A. Sebeok, eds. The Sign of Three. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983. This book discusses the detective stories and that Dupin (Edgar Allan Poes detective character), Sherlock Holmes and Peirce were the greatest character invented by writers in the whole history. The book also discusses how Conan Doyle, before writing Holmes stories, used the stories of Edgar Allan Poe as a guide to him and he was very impressed by Dupin. Edgar Allan Poe Museum. Nov. 2000. Clever Net. 1 May 2001. http://www.poemuseum.org The Museum of Edgar Allan Poe on the Internet. It contains all the works of Edgar Allan Poe and his biographical information. Hoffman, Danile. Poe As Critic, Poe Abroad. Sewanee Review. 108.2 (2000) : 11 pars. 2 May 2001. Academic Search Elite An article that includes the review of books of Edgar Allan Poe and his literary theory and criticisms. It also includes Poes influence on the non American writers as Conan Doyle and H.G. Wells. Meyers, Jeffrey. Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy. New York. Charles Scribners Sons., 1992. The complete biographical information about Poe. This book includes extendedly the life of Poe and the circumstances of his life and death. Poe, Edgar Allan. Funk Wagnalls Encyclopedia. Versaware. 2 May 2001 http://www.funkandwagnalls.com An article of the biography of Poe. Poe, Edagr Allan. The Columbia Encyclopedia. Six Edition. 2001. Columbia University Press. 2 May 2001. http://www.bartlebay.com Some biographical information about Edgar Allan Poe. Rieselbach, Erik. Poe, Edagr Allan Bibliography. American Spectator. 26.3 (1993) : 58 pars. 2 May 2001. Academic Search Elite An article that discuss the life of Poe and what reasons lead him to write his novels and poems. The article also include the evidence of the influence of Poe on other writers. Sturat, and Susan Levine. The Short Fiction of Edgar Allan Poe. Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company Inc., 1976. The book introduces the fiction and detective stories that Edgar Allan Poe wrote in his life. It also gives short analysis and criticism to those stories and the circumstances of this tale. The Murders In The Rue Morgue. Academic Search Elite. Magill Book Reviews. 5 May 2001 Academic Search Elite The complete analysis of the story The Murders in the Rue Morgue that wrote by Edgar as an example of short detective story. The Purloined Letter. Academic Search Elite. Magill Book Reviews. 5 May 2001 Academic Search Elite The complete analysis of The Purloined Letter which was written by Poe as another good example for the short detective stories wrote by Poe. Unrue, Darlene Harbour. Edgar Allan Poe: The Romantic as Classicist. International Jouranl of The Classical Tradition. 1.4 (1995) : 112 pars. 2 May 2001. Academic Search Elite This article reveals that Edgar Allan Poe measured romantic stance determinedly against the objectivity and rationality of the classical. Distinction on the use of romantic materials and themes between Poe and gothic writers. Wilson, James Southall. A Summary of Facts Known about Edgar Allan Poe. Edgar Allan Poe Museum. 5 May 2001. http://www.poemuseum.org

Case Study On A Patient With Heart Failure

Case Study On A Patient With Heart Failure Mr. SB, 60-year-old male is a retiree and was admitted to the hospital accompanied by his daughter. He is 100kg at a height of 180cm so his calculated body mass index (BMI) was 30.9 indicating that he was overweight. When admitted, patient was complained of shortness of breath for 2 weeks and was worsening on the day of admission. Besides, he also experienced orthopnea, fatigue, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and leg swelling up to his thigh. Mr. SB was admitted to the hospital for to the same problem last year. Mr. SB had known case of heart failure since 3 years ago and he had also diagnosed with hypertension for 5 years. Before admitted to the hospital, patient was taking frusemide 40mg, aspirin 150mg, metoprolol 50mg, amlodipine 10mg, and simvastatin 40mg for his hypertension and heart failure. Patient does not allergic to any medication and he does not take any traditional medicines at home. His family history revealed that his father had died of ischemic heart disease 4 years ago while his brother has hypertension. As for his social history, he smokes 2-3 cigarettes a day for 35 years and the calculated smoking pack years was 5 pack years. Besides, Mr. SB also drinks occasionally. On examination, Mr. SB was found to be alert and conscious but he was having pedal oedema up to his knee. Besides, the patient was noted with bibasal crepitations with no rhonchi. His body temperature was normal. However, his blood pressure was found to be elevated upon admission with a record of 159/100 mmHg with an irregular pulse rate at 85beats/min. His echocardiogram showed that he had left ventricle hypertrophy while chest X-ray was conducted and revealed that the patient had cardiomegaly. Lab investigations such as full blood count, liver function test, urea and electrolyte test and cardiac enzyme were done upon admission. His creatinine concentration was found to be 143 µmol/L. Therefore, the calculated creatinine clearance was 68.8ml/min. Besides, there was also blood found in the urine and the echocardiography showed that the patient has sinus tachycardia. In addition, ECG test was performed on day 1 and the result indicated that there was a T-wave inversion. The patients INR was 1.04 which was lower than normal while APTT was found to be slightly higher (59.4 seconds). Mr. SBs random blood glucose was found to be normal during his hospitalization. Mr. SB was diagnosed with congestive cardiac failure (CCF) with fluid overload. The patient also suffered from hypertension. The management plan included intraveneous frusemide 40mg twice daily, aspirin 150mg once daily, simvastatin 40mg once at night and ramipril 2.5mg once a day. Besides, patient was asked to restrict his fluid intake to 500ml per day and oxygen therapy was given to patient at high flow using a face mask when patient experiencing shortness of breath. As for his clinical progression, on day 1, the patient was complained of shortness of breath, leg swelling and orthopnea. Enchocardiogram showed that he had cardiomegaly. Treatment of CCF was given. Throughout the stay in the hospital, Mr. SB had responded well to the heart failure therapy as there was no more complaint of chest pain or shortness of breath on day 13 and his pedal oedema had gradually improved. However, patients blood pressure throughout day 1 to 9 was fluctuating between the range of 102/67-160/100 mmHg and therefore, hypertension treatment was given and blood pressure on day 10 onwards had been seen fell within the normal range. Furthermore, Mr. SBs renal function became progressively worse from 143 µmol/L on admission to 175 µmol/L on day 11 and the calculated creatinine clearance on day 11 was 56.2ml/min. 2. Pharmacological Basis of Drug Therapy 2.1 Disease Summary Congestive cardiac failure (CCF) is a complex syndrome that is usually caused by the inability of heart to pump sufficient blood to meet metabolic needs of body during exercise. It is more commonly known as heart failure38 and it can affect either left or right ventricle or both39. The risk factors predisposing one to heart failure are obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking. Heart failure is commonly characterized by typical signs of fluid retention with symptoms of breathlessness, fatigue, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, and reduced exercise tolerance39. CCF is a common disease which affects approximately 1-2% of the general population in developed countries1. Prevalence increases with age especially those aged above 75 years where the prevalence of CCF could be as high as 10%2. In addition, men are prone to getting heart failure as compared to women1. Each year, there are about 1-5 new cases of CCF per 1,000 population and it also increased with age40. In United Kingdom, the incidence of CCF is about 0.02 cases per 1000 per annum between the ages of 25-34. However, the incidence increased to 11.6 cases in those above 86 years old1. The prognosis for CHF is relatively poor. Approximately 40% of individuals with CCF die within a year after diagnosis3. There are many causes of CHF but the most common underlying causes are heart attack, coronary heart disease, and high blood pressure. Others such as cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease and diabetes may also precipitate heart failure4. An early diagnosis of CHF is often based on the signs and symptoms which the patient is experiencing5. Other tests are needed to confirm or rule out the diagnosis. These include chest X-ray examination, physical examination, electrocardiograph (ECG), echocardiography and exercise testing. The severity of heart failure can be classified according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification system. This system consists of four classes which relate patients symptoms to physical activities and quality of life. Table 1: New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classification5. Class Patient Symptoms I (Mild) No symptoms with ordinary physical activity (walking and climbing stairs) II (Mild) Slight limitation of activity with dyspnoea to severe exertions (climbing stairs or walking uphill) III (Moderate) Marked limitation of activity. Less than ordinary activity causes dypsnoea. (restricting walking distance and limiting climbing to one flight of stairs) IV (Severe) Severe disability, dyspnoea at rest. (unable to carry on physical activity without discomfort) 2.2 Drug pharmacology in treatment of congestive cardiac failure Chronic cardiac failure should be treated immediately once it is diagnosed. The goal of treatment is to improve patients quality of life by alleviating the symptoms, improving exercise tolerance, preventing the progression of myocardial damage as well as reducing hospital admission and mortality. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) ACE inhibitors are considered as first line therapy in patients with CCF5. They bind to and inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme which subsequently inhibit the action of angiotensin I. As a consequence, the production of angiotensin II is prevented. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor which has a direct action on kidney to stimulate the secretion of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This will cause sodium and water retention. Hence, ACE inhibitors improve cardiac function and relieve symptoms of oedema by promoting sodium and water excretion41. Besides, they also increase the concentration of a potent vasodilator, bradykinin. This results in a fall in blood pressure as bradykinin is associated with the release of nitric oxide and prostacyclin. However, high levels of bradykinin also responsible for the main adverse effect of ACE inhibitors, dry cough42. Other common side effects include hyperkalaemia, profound hypotension and gastrointestinal disturbances15. ACE inh ibitors are contraindicated in patients with renal impairment even though some studies have shown that they have renal protective properties43. Example of ACE inhibitors are captopril, enalapril, and ramipril. The starting dose for ACEis should be low and the dose should be increased gradually to target doses5. Beta blockers Beta blockers used to be contraindicated in patients with CCF as it may worsen the condition of the heart due to its negative inotropic effect. Nowadays, beta blockers should be considered in all patients with heart failure unless contraindicated5 as they have been shown to reduce the mortality, hospitalization and the progression of heart failure7. Beta blockers should be introduced following treatment with ACE inhibitor once the patients condition is stable7. Only bisoprolol, carvedilol, and nebivolol are currently licensed to be used in the treatment of heart failure in UK8. Both nebivolol and bisoprolol are cardioselective where they act on beta ­1 receptors. On the other hand, carvedilol is a non-selective beta blocker9, 10. The mode of action of beta blockers in heart failure is poorly understood but the proposed mechanisms include antiarrhythmic action, anti-ischaemic action, and attenuation of cathecholamine toxicity as well as reduced cardiac modelling through blockade of sympathetic influences on the heart9. Besides, carvedilol has an additional antioxidant property which may be thought to slow down the process of atherogenesis by inhibiting the oxygen-free radicals11, 12. The starting dose should be low as high doses may worsen the condition of heart failure7. Over time, the dose of beta blocker should be gradually titrated upward if the patient is well tolerated until target dose is reached5. Diuretics Diuretics are often used to relief the congestive symptoms and fluid retention7. Hence, they should be used in heart failure patients with the symptom of oedema7. Frusemide, a loop diuretic is the most commonly used agent in heart failure. It is considered as the first choice of drug for the long-term treatment of CCF with the advantages of improves cardiac function, exercise tolerance, as well as symptoms of breathlessness and oedema13. The main site of action is at the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Furosemide acts at the Cl- binding site of Na+/K+/2Cl- co-transport and as a result, sodium reabsorption is inhibited. This promotes the excretion of sodium up to 20-25% as well as enhances water clearance13. Consequently, it reduces the blood volume thus reducing the preload on the heart. As a result, ventricular ejection is improved and the heart is able to pump more efficiently14. The most common side effect is hypokalaemia. Hence, it is important that patients potassium level and the renal function are closely monitored. Aldosterone Antagonists Patients with moderate to severe heart failure should be considered for the treatment of aldosterone antagonists such as spironolactone15. It is a potassium sparing diuretic where its action is mainly on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system18. Spironolactone prevents the synthesis of basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase pump protein by acting as a competitive inhibitor at the aldosterone receptor site in the distal convoluted tubules. As mentioned earlier, aldosterone promotes sodium and water retention and the use of spironolactone therefore inhibits sodium and water reabsorption while retains potassium. As a result, spironolactone reduces the workload of the heart and the heart is therefore able to work more efficiently18. It is often use in conjunction with other agents such as diuretic in the management of CCF44. Nevertheless, spironolactone may cause hyperkalaemia, particularly in patients with renal impairment due to the inhibition of potassium excretion. Hence, the patients pot assium level and the renal function should be closely monitored. 3. Evidence for treatment of the condition(s) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEis) ACE inhibitor, ramipril prescribed for my patient Mr. SB was proven to be the mainstay therapy in the management of CCF. NICE and SIGN guidelines recommended that ACE inhibitor therapy should be started once the patient is diagnosed with CCF before beta blocker is initiated5, 32. It should be prescribed to the patients with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction as studies have demonstrated that ACE inhibitors alleviate symptoms and reduce rehospitalisation as well as slow down the progression of the disease in all NYHA classes5, 33. The benefits of ACE inhibitor in CCF can be seen based on the systemic review of 5 randomised, controlled trials which involve a total of 12763 patients. Results shown that in comparison to placebo group, long term treatment with ACE inhibitors were shown to have statistically significant reduction in mortality rate (23.0% vs 26.8%; p

The Transformation of Sydney Carton in A Tale of Two Cities :: Tale Two Cities Essays

The Transformation of Sydney Carton in A Tale of Two Cities         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Charles Dickens' novel A Tale Of Two Cities, Sydney Carton is a man of several distinct characteristics.   Carton is shown originally to be a frustrated alcoholic, but then turns out to be a very noble and genuine man. Sydney Carton is also shown in the novel to be somewhat immature in his actions and thoughts.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout the book, Sydney Carton does not always act or seem like he is the age that he is.   He is depicted in the novel to be middle-age, perhaps in his mid-forties, yet several times he shows some very immature actions and feelings.   One example is his feelings for Lucie Manette.   Even after Lucie is married to Charles Darnay, whom she loves, Sydney refuses to give up his love for her.   For someone in his mid-forties, this is somewhat an immature action. Had he been more mature, he might have forgotten about Lucie when she was married and found someone else.   Another perhaps less important but very noticeable example is his appearance.   He didn't seem to care what people really thought about him or the way he was dressed, and remained very calm and relaxed, maybe even carefree, most of the time he was in court.   This also gives Sydney Carton an immature appearance in the novel.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the beginning of the story and a large part of the novel, Sydney Carton is shown to be a very arrogant, frustrated man with a drinking problem. Several times in the novel he indulged in his drinking to the point of becoming drunk or close to it.   Many times that he is seen, he is drinking wine or has a flask of liquor in his hand.   This may keep him calm or help him to remain composed in the court, but it becomes more to the point of being a necessity or habit.   Also, his drinking causes him to be loose with his tongue when he is with Charles Darnay after the trial, which makes Charles angry with him.   This behavior was very ill-mannered and could have been prevented to give Sydney Carton a better appearance and attitude.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Later in the novel, towards the end, Sydney seems to change his

The Different Impacts Diversity Has on an Individual Essay -- Diversit

The Different Impacts Diversity Has on an Individual Diversity refers to the presence of individual human characteristics that make people different from one another (Schermerhorn, Hunt, and Osborn, 2005). Among these individual human characteristics are demographic differences, such as age, gender, sexual-orientation, ablebodiedness, race and ethnicity, and religion. Diversity and demographic differences can impact individual behavior by creating discrimination, stereotypes and prejudices in the work place. The differences that impact individual behavior the most are age, gender, sexual-orientation, and race and ethnicity. Age Differences Ages in the workplace can vary from as young as 16 to ages over 60 years old. This vast range of age differences within the workplace can create discrimination, stereotypes and prejudices among individuals. Such stereotypes and prejudices come from the misperception that as people age, their skills, ablebodiedness, and thought processing deteriorates and they are in turn unable to complete their work as effectively and efficiently as their younger counterparts. According to the United States’ government site for equal opportunity, http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/age.html, setting age limits for employment has become common practice among employers. People over the age of 40 years are at the highest risk of age discrimination, but people of all ages can be victims of age discrimination. The government has created several acts, in which age discrimination is unlawful and not tolerated. In 1967, Congress created the Age Discrimination Act (ADEA), protecting individuals over 40 years old against age discrimination. This act protects both employees and job applicants. Under the ADEA, â€Å"it is unlawful to discriminate against a person because of his/her age, with respect to any term, condition, or privilege of employment—including, but not limited to hiring, firing, promotion, layoff, compensation, benefits, job assignments, and training† (ADEA, 1967). Two other acts that protect individuals from age discrimination are the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 (ADA) and Section 188 of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA). The ADA protects individuals of all ages from discrimination when applying for programs and actitivities that receive federal financial assistance, and the WIA protects against age discriminatio... ...dments to the Constitution, anti-discrimination acts, and civil rights’ movements--discrimination still exists. Shirley Chisholm, the first African-American women to win a seat in the United States Congress, once said, â€Å"In the end antiblack, antifemale, and all forms of discrimination are equivalent to the same thing - antihumanism.† References American Psychological Association. â€Å"Answers to Your Questions About Sexual Orientation and Homosexuality.† Retrieved on April 5, 2005 from: http://www.apa.org/pubinfo/answers.html#whatis. Fix, Michael E. and Margery Austin Turner (1998) The Role of Testing a National Report Card on Discrimination in America. Retrieved on April 5, 2005 from: http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?ID=308024. Orfield, Gary and Susan Eaton. 1996. Dismantling Desegregation: The Quiet Reversal of Brown vs. Board of Education. New York: The New Press. Schermerhorn, John R., James G. Hunt and Richard N. Osborn (2003). Organizational Behavior, Chapter 4. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967. Retrieved on April 5, 2005 from: http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/adea.html.

Different examples of power Essay

What is power? What are different examples of power? How can people gain and maintain power? Power is being able to make something happen or prevent something from happening. You know if someone has power if they are leaders or if they are respected. If you’re a good influence you can also gain power because people begin to follow in your footsteps. Examples of power are political, economic, and social. Political power is an authority held by a group within society that allows for the administration of public resources and implement policies for society. The President has political power and the governor has political power. Social power is the degree of influence that an individual or organization has among their peers and within their society as a whole. Martin Luther King had social power and Malcolm X also had social power. Economic power is organization of the money, industry, and trade of a country, region, or society. Jay Z has economic power because he has money. My essay is going to be about stop and frisk and how often it is being used by police officers and how it affects the people in neighborhoods it is constantly happening in and the statistics on the frisking. In New York City police officers have a program called stop and frisk which is when a person is stopped by a cop and patted down to examine if the person is carrying a weapon or if the person is engaging in illegal activity. This type of limited search occurs when police confront a suspicious person in an effort to prevent a crime from taking place. A stop is different from an arrest. An arrest is a lengthy process in which the suspect is taken to the police station or booked and a frisk is only a temporary search. If the officer uncovers further evidence during the frisk, the stop may lead to an actual arrest, but if no further evidence is found, the person is let go. Unlike a full search, a frisk is only limited to a patting down of the outer clothing. If the officer feels something like a weapon, the officer may then reach inside the person’s clothing. If no weapon is felt, the search may not go any further than the outer clothing. In 2011, New Yorkers were stopped by police 685,724 times by police officers and 88 percent of them were totally innocent. 34 percent were African Americans & 34 percent where Latinos. 51 percent were though age 14 to 24, only 9 percent were Caucasian.. In the first nine months of 2012, New Yorkers were stopped by police 443,422 times. 89 percent were completely innocent. 55 percent were  black and 32 percent were Latinos, 10 percent were white. Stop and frisk causes people to be afraid of the police because when they are around they have to worry about being frisked by them. â€Å"Stop-and-Frisk abuses corrode trust between the police and communities, which makes everyone less safe. I know people that get very scared when the police come around because he had been frisked a lot of times. Police officers also sometimes use physical force when frisking people. For example, if you are getting frisked and you try to resist, the police will sometimes use physical force on you because they may feel like you’re disobeying them. Stop and frisk is a violation of the Fourth Amendment. The Fourth Amendment says â€Å"people have the right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.† Mayor Bloomberg and police say stop and frisk has helped New York reach a low crime rate. New York has the lowest crime rate among the nation’s biggest cities, said by the FBI. People call the stop and frisk practice racial discrimination. Aggressive stop-and-frisk practices are having a profound effect on individuals, groups and communities across the city. Residents of some New York City neighborhoods describe a police presence so pervasive and hostile that they feel like they are living in a state of siege. w deeply this practice impacts individuals and they document widespread civil and human rights abuses, including illegal profiling, improper arrests, inappropriate touching, sexual harassment, humiliation and violence at the hands of police officers.

How does Stevenson describe Edward Hyde and what are the effects for the reader? Essay

Stevenson’s consistency in this book is non-existent. In fact, it is constantly inconsistent. The character Hyde is never fully described in the book of â€Å"The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde†, but the details Stevenson give about Hyde are repeated frequently. The most obvious feature that the reader would like to hear about is Hyde’s face. Stevenson on many occasions disappoints the reader by giving a close focus but never completing it. Bring the reader close, and then ripping it from them. Although the face of Hyde is always kept hidden from us, the stature is not. In the first paragraph of the book, Hyde is described by Enfield as, ‘Some damned Juggernaut’. He is also told to have ‘trampled calmly’. This is odd, as it is contradicting itself. This may have been a ploy by the author to confuse the reader. Stevenson wants to leave the imagination of the reader to wild, to let the reader think for himself. Another example of contradiction in the book is how Hyde is described as both small and as a Juggernaut. Hyde is also described as ‘displeasing, something downright detestable’, ‘He must be deformed somewhere’. On several occasions Hyde is described as being animal/ non-human being like. ‘This was more of a dwarf’, ‘ that masked thing like a monkey jumped’, ‘cry out like a rat’, ‘like some damned Juggernaut’, ‘really like Satan’. This could be Stevenson’s way of telling us that Hyde is not human but purely evil. Trying to hint to us, the reader, something. This obscure appearance makes other people in the book have an immediate hate for Hyde. The doctor who was tending to the girl Hyde had trampled over, whenever he looked at Hyde, wanted to kill him. The doctor had been nicknamed ‘sawbones’ for being so unemotional. The eyes of the family of the girl were filled with hate. There is also a lot of surprise in the book. For example, when Jekyll goes to bed and wakes up finding himself as Hyde, this is the point in the book where we know that he can’t control his transfiguration. He also wakes up with a hairy hand. This is the first time that Hyde is described to us as having a hairy complexion, which also proves the point that Stevenson is constantly surprising the reader with new descriptions. Another point on the surprise and inconsistency point is the fact that Hyde’s/ Jekyll’s character seems to change quite randomly, like in mid-conversation. Talking to Utterson, at first he is shy, but then rapidly becomes more confident. Also, when Hyde is called back after trampling the girl, he seems to be incredibly calm, although he is surrounded by a bunch of hatful people, who could have quite easily reported him to the police. This personality change portrays the theme of the book of split personalities.

Mnc in India Essay

To help in rapid growth and industrialization and create necessary infrastructure for economic development. 2. Promote redistribution of income & wealth 3. Create employment opportunities 4. Promote regional balance development 5. Promote import substitution save and earn foreign exchange for country. 6. Basic Infrastructure (STC, Railways, SAIL) Organization of Public Sector †¢Ministry ( Railway, Finance etc) †¢Departmental Undertaking (Defense, Post & Telegraph, Defense production unit) †¢Statutory Corporation( LIC, AIR India, IFC,RBI,ONGC, etc.. †¢Central Board (Bhakra Nangal, Hira Kund ,Nagarjun Sagar dam) †¢Government Companies ( Ashok Hotels, ITI, HMT Hindustan shipyard etc) Pricing Practice ?Administrative Price : Price fixed by Government ?No profit –No loss Price ( DVC, Hindustan antibiotics, Hindustan Insecticides) ? Cost Plus Price – ITI, HAL, Bharat electronic ? Competitive Price ?Follow the leader ?Subsidized Prices ?Discriminatory Prices Private Sector ? Privatization: Transfer of ownership and control of an existing public sector enterprise ? Privatization may be full or partial. It may be selective i. e.. Some function are transformed to the private sector, which other are retained in public sector. ?Increase in competition . The Privatization movement The move towards privatization has gained momentum since 70’s. The following are usually mentioned reasons 1 The emergence of conservative government in principal industrial countries 2 The emergence of multinational entities 3 Technological changes The Privatization movement contd. 4 Emergence of local capital market and entrepreneurship 5 Dissatisfaction with performance of public sector Reason for Indian Privatization 1. Crippling Budget deficit 2. Spectacular growth by economies of Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia in private sector 3. Galloping cost of government intervention in trade and industry & procedural difficulty 4. Collapse of USSR& communist government in eastern Europe 5. Changes in China 6. Emergence of professional management 7. IMF & World Bank extended arm to capitalism 8. Gulf crisis 9. Lack of demand in economy 10. Integration of world trade 11. Developed local capital market and Financing Institution Recent Reasons To Strengthen Competition †¢To improve public finance †¢To fund Infrastructure Growth †¢Accountability of share holders †¢To reduce unnecessary interference †¢More disciplined Labor force The main reason for increased efficiency gain as a result of privatization are attributed to (i)Less political interference in decision making (i)Staff remuneration is more closely linked to productivity and profitability (ii)Firm are e xposed to financial market discipline as opposed to government support (iii)Firm’s cost reducing effort are higher under competitive private ownership Advantages of public sector organizations Govt . Control in sensitive areas ? More employment ? Effective decision making ? Public accountability ? Access to all ? More employee satisfaction-better life work balance ? Recognition and honor ? Job security Disadvantages of public sector organizations ?Inefficiency results due to the size of the organization ?lack of incentive for employees ?Losses must be met by the taxpayer ? Political interference ? Less customer satisfaction ? High cost of delay/red tapism Disadvantages of public sector organizations contd. ?Headless plants ?Lack Demand – supply relation ?Over/Under capacity ?Fear of Scams Advantages of private sector organizations ?Quick decision making ?No political interference ?More customer satisfaction ?Easy access to capital market Disadvantages of private sector organizations ?Chances of mismanagement ?Inefficient decision making ?Less focus on poor people Ways of Privatization ? Disinvestment ? Contracting ? Franchising ? Permitting private sector enter into PSU reserved area ? Liquidation ? Leasing Disinvestment Long Term strategy on disinvestment 1. Strengthen profitable PSU to promote greater competitiveness to enable payment of higher dividends to the government to enhance Value 2. Financial restructure and revive loss making PSU to invite private capital for long term turnaround. 3. Enhance government receipt by disinvestment in profitable PSUs Initially 40 out of the 245 PSUs were referred to the disinvestment committee Conclusion ? Public sector enterprises ? Private sector enterprises ? Privatization ? Need of privatization ? Obstacles of privatization ? Ways of privatization- Disinvestment ? Advantages and disadvantages Thanks to†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Prof. Suneel Gupta Associate Professor, Ghs-IMR, Kanpur Prof. Mansur Ali Khan NSB Prof. Surjyabrat Buragohain NSB Thank you all ?SIVAPRASAD P V ? PREMKUMAR ? VIGNESH ? MANOJ

Free Essays on General Education

Why the University of South Florida has General Education Requirements The University of South Florida’s General Education Requirements seem just like standard classes that students of any field have to take. These classes consist of thirty-six credits that you must take in order to get your degree. Why does everyone have to take these courses? Well the University of South Florida feels like they are needed to set a standard for the education you receive from USF. With everyone taking these classes it ensures that they will leave here with at least those knowledgeable skills. Others major universities all over the United States of America have there own appointed General Education Requirements. Other universities may have different standards such as the prestigious Ohio State University. Is Ohio State’s requirements for their curriculum better than the University of South Florida’s? Students from all schools would have their own opinions on the whole idea of general education requirements but schools would not have them unless the higher officials felt like they are needed. So here is a brief comparison of two schools requirements and why they even bother setting standards for the students. Ohio State University has there own classes they feel is needed to set their standard. They set their required classes based on your major. If you’re a Science major then your social sciences will be more rigorous than if you are an English major. Something else that is different than the University of South Florida’s idea on general education requirements are the credit hours needed. In some areas South Florida requires six credit hours where Ohio State only wants you to complete five credit hours in that subject. That may sound good but Ohio State’s total general education credit hours for completion is one-hundred and five total credit hours. Thir... Free Essays on General Education Free Essays on General Education Why the University of South Florida has General Education Requirements The University of South Florida’s General Education Requirements seem just like standard classes that students of any field have to take. These classes consist of thirty-six credits that you must take in order to get your degree. Why does everyone have to take these courses? Well the University of South Florida feels like they are needed to set a standard for the education you receive from USF. With everyone taking these classes it ensures that they will leave here with at least those knowledgeable skills. Others major universities all over the United States of America have there own appointed General Education Requirements. Other universities may have different standards such as the prestigious Ohio State University. Is Ohio State’s requirements for their curriculum better than the University of South Florida’s? Students from all schools would have their own opinions on the whole idea of general education requirements but schools would not have them unless the higher officials felt like they are needed. So here is a brief comparison of two schools requirements and why they even bother setting standards for the students. Ohio State University has there own classes they feel is needed to set their standard. They set their required classes based on your major. If you’re a Science major then your social sciences will be more rigorous than if you are an English major. Something else that is different than the University of South Florida’s idea on general education requirements are the credit hours needed. In some areas South Florida requires six credit hours where Ohio State only wants you to complete five credit hours in that subject. That may sound good but Ohio State’s total general education credit hours for completion is one-hundred and five total credit hours. Thir...

Lie Detectors Tell Lies The Unreliability of Polygraphs Used in Criminal Trials and Investigations essays

Lie Detectors Tell Lies The Unreliability of Polygraphs Used in Criminal Trials and Investigations essays Lie Detectors Tell Lies : The Unreliability of Polygraphs Used in Criminal Trials and Polygraphs, commonly known as lie detector tests, are in question to whether or not they are realiable enough to use in court cases. The common test used in criminal investigations is the Control Question Test (CQT) . The CQT works by comparing physiological disturbances that occur when questions are asked which are relative to the crime in question. Vague control questions are asked to allow an innocent person to show more physiological disturbances to the vague questions than to the questions which are directly relevant to the crime at hand. If the person in question shows more disturbances when asked the relevant questions, it is a good indication of deception (Honts 309). Even though courts and criminal investigators do permit other unreliable evidence such as eyewitness testimonies, the polygraph is not reliable enough to be allowed as evidence in the delicate process and evidence in criminal investigations. Polygraphs can too easily be defeated by simple countermeasures to be accepted as reliable and allowed in criminal investigations. Charles Honts , David Raskin, and John Kircher from the Department of Psychology at the University of Utah state the following in their article Mental and Physical Countermeasures Reduce the Accuracy of Polygraph Tests: Research has shown that training in simple physical maneuvers, such as biting the tongue or pressing the toes to the floor, can be effective in defeating polygraph tests by enhancing physiological reactions to control questions. Honts, Hodes, and Raskin reported that 60% of their decisions were incorrect when subjects had been trained to unobtrusively bite their tongues and press their toes to the floor when control questions were presented during the test. Using similar training and stronger incentives to pass the test,...

Implicit Association Test

Implicit Association Test Free Online Research Papers The results of the IAT (data suggest little or no association between White American and Native American with foreign and American). I am happy with the results it says I have little or no association between the White and Native American. I think the test produced very valid results. The test did however make me feel a little uncomfortable for some reason I guess maybe because it was meant to be about different subjects I am just not used to categorizing. I answered the questions on the test fast and got 2 red x’s. I am thinking that my results are pretty accurate. I liked taking the test and think I may go back and take a couple more just to see what my results might be with other subjects. I think it is very difficult to measure prejudice especially since individuals can be influenced unconsciously. I know I have been guilty of stereotyping people because of the way they were dressed. This made me feel guilty but I really thought they might steal something I had in the back of my truck. That made it easy for me to imagine how someone who is prejudice feels about a whole race. It is not a great feeling but sometimes it just feels automatic like maybe we learned these behaviors from watching television. Some families even teach kids to be prejudice I know this from experience. The person who is prejudice has to make his or her own decision and pick if they want to live with prejudice or not. Even if a person seems that they are not prejudice they can always be a timid bigot like chapter 2 explained. I do not think there is a really accurate way of measuring race. Sociologist use lots of different measurement to try to calculate prejudice. Since prejudice is hard to calculate they have to go off of national surveys or labor force records. Sociologist have also made their own means to try to measure prejudice like the Authoritarian Personality Theory the author of this theory says they have isolated the characteristics of the Authoritarian Personality Theory. This theory has a psychological construct of a personality type likely to be prejudice and use other as scapegoats. The Bogardus Scale measures social distance towards other racial or ethnic groups. This scale seems to be very accurate since they actually ask the people how willing they would be to interact with different racial and ethnic groups. Research Papers on Implicit Association TestResearch Process Part OneEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XStandardized TestingThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThree Concepts of PsychodynamicComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoCapital PunishmentMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

BOCHK Risk Management and Financial Performance - Smart Custom Writing Samples

BOCHK Risk Management and Financial Performance - Smart Custom Writing Inchoate CrimesInchoate crimes are also referred to as incomplete crimes. They are acts in which one is inclined to commit a crime or one participates indirectly in a criminal offence. These crimes include attempt, conspiracy as well as solicitation. Inchoate crimes also include the act of being an accomplice or an accessory to a crime (Larry , 2006). Attempt is a type of inchoate offence which is regarded as the closest to the actual crime than all the others (Larry , 2006). Attempt involves an intent to carry out an act which amounts to a crime. It also involves the intent to bring about consequences which are equal to a crime as per the law (Larry , 2006). Attempt doesn’t stop at the mere intent but it involves an act that furthers that intent. Policy wise, a person who attempts a crime is punished because a person intending to commit a crime is a socially dangerous person (Schmalleger, 2006). The punishment administered is a bit lenient though than that which would have been administered in the event that the crime was completed (Schmalleger, 2006. Conspiracy is an inchoate offence in which a person collaborates with others to commit a crime (Smith, 1995). Unlike attempt, conspiracy can be charged in addition to the crime itself. For instance, a person who commits murder in collaboration with others can be charged of the murder itself as well as the conspiracy with the others to commit the crime of murder (Smith, 1995). Solicitation is considered a substantive crime on its own. Solicitation involves the inducement of a person by another one to commit a crime (James, 2006). The list of Words that create an inducement is referred to as the list of proper utterances for the crime of solicitation. These words advise, command, counsel, encourage, entice, importune, incite, instigate, order, procure, request, solicit, or urge a person to commit a crime (James, 2006). Elements of solicitation include: mens rea :- the specific intent to persuade someone else to commit a crime while not intending to commit a crime. This involves the act of purposely wanting to persuade a person to commit a crime without the use of casual comments or joking around. Actus reus:- this refers to the utterance of words which that can cause inducement. This utterance can be oral, written or even electronic (James, 2006). Amy can be charged with conspiracy to commit a crime. This is because she collaborates with her husband Hank to break Lisa’s leg by having the husband push Lisa down some stairs. For one to be charged with conspiracy, the intended crime doesn’t necessarily have to be successful. . Hank can be charged with two cases of conspiracy. Firstly, he collaborates with Amy to push Lisa down some stairs so as to injure her leg. Secondly, he collaborates with Tess to hurt Lisa’s leg by a method not specified. He can also be charged with solicitation as he entices Tess with $2000 to hurt Lisa. Tess can be convicted of the crime of conspiracy as he collaborates with Hank to injure Lisa’s leg. She can also be convicted of the crime of attempt as she tries to shoot Lisa in the thigh with a gun at the parking lot though unsuccessful. References James W. ( 2006). Criminal Law and Procedure for the paralegal: a systems approach. London: Routledge. Larry , K. (2006). Criminal Justice in Action: The Core. London: Thomson-Wadsworth Publishing. Schmalleger, F. (2006). Criminal Law Today: An Introduction with Capstone Cases. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall Smith, J. (1995). Some Comments On The Law Commission's Report. London: Routledge.